types:
acid value
(chemistry) the amount of free acid present in fat as measured by the milligrams of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralize it
chlorinity
a measure of the quantity of chlorine or other halides in water (especially seawater)
number
a concept of quantity involving zero and units
quire
a quantity of paper; 24 or 25 sheets
ream
a quantity of paper; 480 or 500 sheets; one ream equals 20 quires
solubility
the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution)
toxicity
the degree to which something is poisonous
arity
the number of arguments that a function can take
cytotoxicity
the degree to which something is toxic to living cells
denier
a unit of measurement for the fineness of silk or nylon or rayon
diopter,
dioptre
a unit of measurement of the refractive power of a lens which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in meters; used by oculists
carat,
karat,
kt
the unit of measurement for the proportion of gold in an alloy; 18-karat gold is 75% gold; 24-karat gold is pure gold
decimal
a number in the decimal system
constant
a number representing a quantity assumed to have a fixed value in a specified mathematical context
oxidation number,
oxidation state
the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule; for simple atoms or ions the oxidation number is equal to the ionic charge
cardinality
(mathematics) the number of elements in a set or group (considered as a property of that grouping)
count
the total number counted
factor
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
composite number
an integer that is divisible without remainder by at least one positive integer other than itself and one
score
a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest
record
the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had
base,
radix
(numeration system) the positive integer that is equivalent to one in the next higher counting place
atomic number
the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the elements; equal to the number of protons in the nucleus or electrons in the neutral state of an atom of an element
baryon number
a number equal to the difference between the number of baryons and the number of antibaryons in any subatomic structure; it is conserved in all types of particle interactions
quota
a prescribed number
force unit
a unit of measurement of physical force
metric,
metric unit
a decimal unit of measurement of the metric system (based on meters and kilograms and seconds)
miles per gallon
the distance traveled in a vehicle powered by one gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel
pain unit
a unit measuring the intensity of pain
point
the unit of counting in scoring a game or contest
bit
a unit of measurement of information (from binary + digit); the amount of information in a system having two equiprobable states
electrostatic unit
any of various units of electricity based on forces of interaction between electric charges
linage,
lineage
the number of lines in a piece of printed material
natural number
the number 1 and any other number obtained by adding 1 to it repeatedly
addend
a number that is added to another number (the augend)
augend
a number to which another number (the addend) is added
minuend
the number from which the subtrahend is subtracted
subtrahend
the number to be subtracted from the minuend
difference,
remainder
the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend
modulus
the absolute value of a complex number
root
a number that, when multiplied by itself some number of times, equals a given number
dividend
a number to be divided by another number
divisor
the number by which a dividend is divided
quotient
the number obtained by division
remainder
the part of the dividend that is left over when the dividend is not evenly divisible by the divisor
multiplicand
the number that is multiplied by the multiplier